Flashcards › World History Chapter 17

European recovery after the Black Death Those that survived wanted to celebrate life and the human spirit and questioned the institutions of the Middle Ages and the church What is the Renaissance? It means rebirth and refers to a revival of art and learning Why did the Renaissance start in Italy? because it had thriving cities where people exchanged ideas, a wealthy merchant class that pushed for power even though they did not have social standing, and was close to Rome and Greece so could study the art and archives What is humanism? an intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements. Humanists influenced artists and architects to carry on classical traditions and popularized the study of subjects common to classical education (history, literature, philosophy) What are the key characteristics of Medieval Art? used religious subject to convey a spiritual ideal Key characteristics of Renaissance Art? portrayed religious subjects but used a realistic style copied from classical models. Greek and Roman subjects became popular and artists used "perspective" which shows three dimensions on a flat surface. Babylonian captivity he deportation of the Jews to Babylonia by Nebuchadnezzar in 586 BC Who is Martin Luther a teacher that wanted to be a good christian, he took a public stand against selling indulgences (a pardon for a sin without perfoming a penalty) Believed faith alone was the key to salvation What are the reasons for the Protestant Reformation? Social (Renaissance values and printing press which spread the word) Political (powerful monarchs challenged the church and viewed Pope as a foreign leader) Economic (princes and kings were jealous of the churches wealth) & Religious (some church leaders had become corrupt/indulgences) What are the 95 Theses In 1517 Luther took a stand against Johann Tetzel who was selling indulgences to build a new cathedral. He posted them on the door of the castle church and invited other scholars to debate them; this led to a movement for religious reform. Luther's Theology People could win salvation only by faith in God's gift of forgiveness; All Church teachings should be clearly based on the words of the Bible; All people of faith were equal. Catholic and Counter Reformation a 16th century movement in which the Roman Catholic Church sought to make changes in response to the Protestant Reformation. Leaders were Ignatius of Loyola, Paul III and Paul IV What is the Great Schism? a division in the medieval Roman Catholic church during which rival popes were established in Avignon and Rome What is the Inquisition? a Roman Catholic tribunal for investigating and prosecuting charges of heresy English Reformation and Henry VII Henry wanted a divorce and this introduced Protestant reforms which caused turmoil. Queen Elizabeth She brought peace by setting up the Anglican Church which was to be the only church in England which was a church that both moderate Protestants and moderate Catholics might accept