The self concept is composed of many self-beliefs is relatively stable over time and influences present as well as future behavior. It isn�t composed of one dominant belief about the self. A person reared in a collectivist culture is likely to have interdependent self-view a person reared in an individualistic culture is likely to have independent self-view Low self-esteem is associated with self-concept confusion Aggression in response to self-esteem threats is more likely to occur in people who are narcissistic Self-efficacy can be developed by persevering through failure until one achieves success. The self-presentation strategy of ingratiation involves trying to make others like you Mindfulness operates when people make systematic judgments The bystander effect is not a type of cognitive distortion in perception Right-wing authoritatiriansm is a cause of prejudice Compared to attitudes formed via the peripheral route,those formed via the central route are hard to change compliance is operating When people change their outward behavior but not their private beliefs The results of Milgram�s (1963) study imply that situational factors can exert tremendous influence over behavior When charities send out prospective donors free address labels and the like, they are using the social influence principle called reciprocity principle The monitor is not a component of the interpersonal communication process Homogamy not an aspect of nonverbal communication Paraphrasing is an important aspect of active listening motivational distortion is operating When people hear what they want to hear instead of what is actually said ego-based conflicts The most difficult conflicts to manage collaboration the most productive style for managing conflict Arranged marriages are most common in collectivist culture The matching hypothesis suggests that people match up on the basis of looks An individual�s personal standard of what constitutes an acceptable balance of rewards and costs in a relationship is termed comparison level Avoidant-dismissing is the attachment styles where adults tend to keep their distance from others and who are unconcerned about social rejection. A self-defeating attributional style associated with loneliness involves attributing loneliness to internal, stable factors Endogamy refers to the tendency to marry within one�s social group The transition to parenthood tends to be easier when the parents have realistic expections Increased prosocial behavior is related to maternal employment in young children Taken as a whole, gender differences in verbal abilities are small and favor females The largest gender differences are found in physical aggression The finding that males exhibit more cerebal specialization than females supports which of the following biologically based explanations for gender differences? Brain organization Four-year-old Rachel seems to pay particular attention to what her mother and her older sister do, and she often imitates them. What is taking place? Observational learning Parents tend to respond more negatively to gender inappropriate behavior, especially in boys Androgyny is not a problem with the male role Men tend to use an instrumental communication style Women tend to use an expressive communication style Primary sex characteristics develop during puberty Secondary sex characteristics develop during pubescence Optimal adjustment is associated with puberty arriving on time for girls and early for boys. Compared to those who are younger, adolescents can think more abstractly, have greater knowledge and show greater self-awareness Heightened emotional turmoil in adolescence is is not found in all cultures The life stage that involves more role changes than any other is early adulthood According to Erikson, the psychosocial conflict of middle adulthood is generativity versus stagnation Retirement typically has positive impact on overall health and life satisfaction Personality is characterized by both stability and change Less anxiety about death is found among those who have a well-formulated philosophy of death. Baumrind’s authoritative parenting style is characterized by high acceptance and high control. The greatest threats to health in our society today are contagious diseases caused by specific infectious agents Obsessive-compulsive disorder is not associated with elevated coronary risk A short-term risk of alcohol consumption doesn’t include transient anxiety from endorphin-induced flashbacks Twin studies and other behavioral genetics research suggests that heredity accounts for 60% of more of the variation in weight Which of the following risks is not typically associated with narcotics use? Flashbacks The use of sedatives may result in personal injury because they cause motor coordination to deteriorate. A prognosis is a forecast about probable course of an illness Although Sue always feels high levels of dread, worry, and anxiety, she still meets her daily responsibilities. Sue’s behavior can still be considered abnormal, since she feels great personal distress Recent epidemiological studies have found that the most common types of psychological disorders are substance-use disorders and anxiety disorders People who repeatedly perform senseless rituals to overcome their anxiety are said to an obsessive-compulsive disorder If a person has a paralyzed arm for which no organic basis can be found she probably has a conversion disorder. A concordance rate ndicates the percentage of twin pairs or other relatives that exhibit the same disorder. A negative symptom of schizophrenia would include having virtually no friendships Psychoanalytic therapy is the psychotherapy approach based on the theories of Sigmund Freud and his followers. An example of transference is when Suzanne behaves seductively toward her therapist because she has an unconscious sexual attraction to her father Client-centered therapy emphasizes clarification With regard to studies of the efficacy of various treatments, research suggests insight therapy is superior to no treatment of placebo treatment. Pathological behaviors can be modified directly through the application of established principles of conditioning. A stimulus that elicits an undesirable response is paired with a noxious stimulus in aversion therapy Bryce’s psychiatrist has prescribed both Prozac and lithium for him. Bryce’s diagnosis probably bipolar disorder. A therapist’s theoretical approach is not nearly as important as his or her personal characteristics and skills.
The Office, procedures 