Flashcards › Pre-8th Grade Terms

a.k.a. 'Great Charter' (contract); year 1215; King of ENGLAND lost absolute power and had to share it with the nobility; made all people 'equal under the law' i.e. monarchs and nobility had to obey the laws too; basis of the English/British believing they had rights the King had to respect and protect Magna Carta Nobility in England overthrew the corrupt and catholic King James and put his sister and her husband, Mary and William of Orange, on the throne; legacy- the people, albeit the nobility, chose their king; American College named after them: College of William and Mary Glorious Revolution William and Mary, in order to become king and queen of England, had agreed to guarantee Parliament, a group of representatives of the people, full legislative (law making) power; also extended more protection of rights to the people, particularly the nobility English Bill of Rights 1689 Medieval government system; Monarchs had power over Nobles, Lords had power over Vassals/Soldiers/Knights had power over Peasants (tenants, serfs, and slaves) Feudal System 1400s founded a school for navigation- improving navigation instruments, ships and map making; wanted to make Portugal wealthy by finding an all water trade route to Asia bypassing the Muslim middlemen; began the massive slave trade of Africans Prince Henry the Navigator 1492 he sailed west to 'India'; was the first European to sail to the 'West Indies' a.k.a. the Caribbean; Captured Native-Americans and brought them to Europe as slaves; had a total of four voyages Christopher Columbus Longitude line in the Atlantic; The Pope set it to secure Spain's claims to the West Indies and Portugal's Claims to Africa (and trade routes to Asia)- the two countries would have to respect the decision of the pope and stay on their side of the line; Brazil was on Portugal's side Line of Demarcation Expedition was the first to circumnavigate (sail around) the earth; died in the Philippines and Elcano completed the journey; legacy- his records were short a day so the International Date Line was created Ferdinand Magellan's Voyage Explores and soldiers who conquered Native-America Empires 'for God, Gold, and Glory'; most powerful during the 1500s; Spain began losing power after Queen Elizabeth (The Virgin Queen) wiped out their navy, the Spanish Armada, in 1588 Spanish Conquistadors Brutal Conquistador; 1513- first European to Explore Florida and claimed it for Spain Juan Ponce de Leon 1513; was the first European to see the 'Southern Ocean' (Pacific Ocean) from the Americas, specifically present day Panama Vasco Nunez de Balboa Conquistador; 1519 defeated the most powerful Native-American Empire in Central America (present day Mexico), the Aztecs whose leader was Moctezuma; Hernan Cortes Spanish; 1517-19 explored the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico, present day Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas; proved Florida was a peninsula not an island Alonzo Alvarez de Pineda Conquistador; 1531-34 kidnapped the Incan emperor and held him for randsom then had him killed; defeated the entire Incan empire in the Peruvian mountains Francisco Pizarro 1540-42; Brutal Conquistador searching for the Seven Cities of Cibola in present day Arizona, New Mexico and as far as Kansas; first European expedition to see the Grand Canyon Francisco Vasquez de Coronado Spanish Explorer; 1542-43 explored the coast of present day Southern California Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo Born Giovanni Caboto; Genoese sailor; hired by King Henry VII of England to explore America 1497-98; searched for sea route to Asia north of Spain's expeditions to America; explored the northern coast of North America giving England a claim to land in America John Cabot Italian; sailed on Spanish expedition to America in 1501; wrote letters about the animals and people that were different than anything in Europe; Martin Waldseemueller, a German Mapmaker, used the letters for a book which had a map showing the lands across the Atlantic as separate continents and labeled them 'America' Amerigo Vespucci An all water route north of America that explorers searched for (didn't exist) from Europe to Asia Northwest Passage Man-made features such as boundaries between countries, continents, and regions; may have other 'imaginary' items such as latitude/longitude lines Political maps Shows the natural features of the land such as mountains (and elevation), rivers, oceans, etc. Physical maps Intersect at the North and South Poles; Between 0 (Prime Meridian) and 180 they are either East or West while 0 and 180 are neither Longitude lines and number of degrees Run parallel to the equator (0); there are 90North and 90South Latitude lines and number of degrees Imaginary latitude line that divides the earth into the northern and southern hemispheres; all latitude lines never intersect Equator and 'parallels' When the vertical rays of the sun are at 0 latitude; happens twice a year around March and September 21st; in the northern hemisphere this marks the beginning of Summer and the end of Spring, and the beginning of Winter/end of Fall Equinox Happens once a year in each hemisphere; North around June 21st, South September 21st; it is when the vertical rays of the sun are as far north as they will ever get (on the Tropic of Cancer) and, in the northern hemisphere, marks the beginning of Fall/end of Summer; in the south at the Tropic of Capricorn it marks the beginning of Spring/end of Winter Solstice Based along the 180 longitude; never the same day on both sides of the line- east of the line will always be a day before International Date Line Body of water surrounded on 3 sides by land Bay A flow of water that merges or empties into another body of water such as an ocean or lake River Body of water surrounded on all sides by land Lake Land surrounded on all sides by water Island Wide open and mostly level land plains Sharp increased elevation in the earths surface mountains Low lands usually between mountains and hills valleys a.k.a. legend; list of symbols and their meaning Map key a.k.a. key; list of symbols and their meaning Map legend Shows the ratio of distance Map scale Usually a circle of some sort with points showing the directions North, South, East and West Compass Rose Terms that students should be familiar with before starting 8th Grade History