Flashcards › Human Skeletal System

Skeleton that includes the skull, vertebrae and ribs Axial skeleton Skeleton that includes the arms, legs, hips and shoulders Appendicular skeleton scientific name for shoulder blades scapula scientific name for collarbone clavicle scientific name for breastbone sternum scientific name for thigh bone femur scientific name for kneecap patella the components of the skeletal system bones, cartilage, ligaments, joints the functions of the skeletal system support, protection, movement, storage, hematopoiesis the name for the process of blood cell formation hematopoiesis minerals stored in bones calcium and phosphorus names of the 4 types of bones (by shape) long, short, flat, irregular scientific name for the lower jaw bone mandible scientific name for the "funny bone" humerus the shaft of a long bone diaphysis the ends of a long bone epiphyses tissue found in spongy bone that produces blood cells red bone marrow membrane covering long bones except at joint surfaces periosteum covering of epiphyses at joint surfaces to reduce friction articular cartilage the basic structural unit of compact bone osteon bone cells osteocytes cartilage cells chondrocytes cells that form bone osteoblasts cells that break down bone osteoclasts cartilage between diaphysis and epiphysis, indicates that growth can still occur epiphyseal plate the smallest bones in the body the bones of the middle ear: malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), stapes (stirrup) upper 7 vertebrae in neck region cervical vertebrae 12 vertebrae where ribs attach thoracic vertebrae 5 vertebrae in the small of the back lumbar vertebrae the 2 bones of the forearm radius (thumb side) and ulna (pinkie side) the 3 bones making up the coxal or hip bone ilium, ischium, pubis the scientific name of the shinbone tibia the finger and toe bones phalanges the only bone in the body that does not connect to another bone hyoid the point where one bone connects to another joint or articulation connects bone to bone ligament the type of joint between cranial bones, with no movement allowed suture freely moveable joints synovial 6 types of synovial joints ball and socket, hinge, pivot, saddle, gliding, condyloid the type of synovial joint at the shoulder and hip, allows a wide range of movement ball and socket joint the type of synovial joint at the elbow, knee and fingers hinge joint the type of synovial joint at the neck vertebrae, allows rotation pivot joint the type of synovial joint at the base of the thumb, permits the opposable thumb saddle joint the type of synovial joint between vertebrae, the least moveable synovial joints gliding joint the type of synovial joint between the radius and carpal bones condyloid joint bone tumor osteoma disorder characterized by excessive loss of bone matrix (mineral and collagen) osteoporosis types include open, closed, greenstick, comminuted, spiral bone fractures inflammation of joints that can lead to destruction of articular cartilage arthritis abnormal curvature of the spine scoliosis disorder in which the articular surfaces of bones are no longer in proper contact with each other joint dislocation lines the joint capsule and secretes lubricating fluid synovial membrane hollow area inside long bones containing yellow bone marrow medullary cavity the 3 main types of blood cells and their function red blood cells (RBC) use hemoglobin to carry oxygen, white blood cells fight infections, platelets clot blood the longest bone in the body femur the type of joint between vertebrae, containing pads of cartilage and allowing very little movement symphysis Terms describing the human skeletal system