clause a group of words that contains both a subject and a verb.It is used as a part of a sentence an expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence? independent clause dependent clause does not express thought and cannot stand alone as a sentece.(it modifies a noun or a pronoun is called an adjective clause) Adjective clause are introduced by words called relatives.Who, whom,which,that are relative pronouns.Whose(occasionally which) are relative adjectives. When and where are relatives adverbs. relatives (1)serves a grammatical function within its own dependent clause:(2)joins the dependent clause that it introduces to another clause; and (3) refers to an antecendent in another clause) cards