purpose of first aid save a life, reduce pain or suffering, prevent further injury, reduce incidence of permanent disability, increase opportunity for early recovery crash cart holds and transports meds, equipment, and supplies for sife saving procedures EMT-D or EMD emergency medical dispatcher highest level of care in the field may be given by EMT-P or paramedics S/S or respiratory distress gasping for breath, noisy breath sounds, dyspnea, tachy- or bradypnea care of respiratory distress position of comfort, O2, V/S, keep calm asthma bronchiole constriction and increased mucus build up, wheezes develop, air can get in but not out status asthmaticus prolonged asthma attack tx for asthma attack position of comfort, O2, bronchodilators, V/S emphysema progressive lung disorder in which the bronchioles become plugged with mucus the alveoli become damaged and lose elasticity, air becomes trapped and exhalation is difficult hyperventiliation overbreathing, calm pt, make sure not caused by an organic problem MI myocardial infarction (heart attack) S/S of MI crushing chest pain, SOB, N/V, pain that radiates to the arm and or jaw tx of MI V/S, EKG, BASA, Nitro (check B/P) pain level before and after nitro, O2, position of comfort, call 911 CVA cerebrovascular accident (stroke) S/S of CVA H/A, blurred vision, weakness on one side of the body, dizziness, confusion, difficulty in speaking tx for CVA O2, position of comfort, stay with pt shock failure of the cardiovascular system to deliver enough blood to the vital organs 5 types of shock cardiogenic, hypovolemic, neurogenic, anaphylactic, psychogenic S/S of shock weak, thirst, anxiety, disoriented, pallor, cold clammy skin, tachypnic, tachycardic hypovolemic shock loss of blood or other body fluids cardiogenic shock failure of heart to pump blood adequately to vital organs neurogenic shock nervous system is unable to control the diameter of blood vessels anaphylactic shock severe allergic reaction 1st line drug for anaphylaxis epinephrine psychogenic shock sudden dilation of blood vessels caused by an unpleasnat physical or emotional stimuli 4 steps to control external bleeding dressing, apply more dressings, elevate, pressure point pressure point site on body where an artery lies close to the surface and is compressed against an underlying bone to slow or stop the flow of blood epistaxis nosebleed capillary bleeding most common type, slow oozing that is bright red venous bleeding slow and steady flow that is dark red arterial bleeding most serious bleeding comes in spurts and is bright red superficial burn (1st degree burn) involves the top layer of the dermis (sunburn) partial-thickness burn (2nd degree burn) involves the epidermis and dermis (blistered formation) full-thickness burn (3rd degree burn) destroys epidermis and dermis and extends into the underlying tissues such as muscles, bones, nerves, and fat rule of palms way to measure % of body surface burns uses the pts palm as 1% of body burned rule of 9's for an adult head-9, front of torso-18, back of torso-18, each arm-9, each leg-18, perineum-1 rule of 9's for an infant head-18, front or torso-18, back of torso-18, each arm-9, each leg-14, perineum-1 seizures abnormal electrical activity in the brain partial sz most common, abnormal electrical activity is localized into very specific areas of the brain simple partial sz twitching or jerking in 1 body part no loss of consciousness lasts less than a minute complex partial sz level of consciousness is affected, abnormal behavior, glassy stare, lip smacking, fidgeting, aimless wandering generalized sz grand mal or tonic clonic full body postictal phase lasts 10 to 30 min after a sz pt may have a HA, little or no memory, feel confused, and exhausted care for a sz pt move all objects that may injure the pt, monitor resp rate, loosen clothing, don't put anything in the mouth, call 911, place on their side after the sz poison substance that causes illness, injury, or death if it enters the body 4 ways for poisons to enter the body ingested, inhaled, injected, absorbed hymenoptera honeybees, wasps, yellow jackets care for a sting remove stinger with a credit card, wash with soap and water, apply ice care for a snake bite wash, immobilize below the heart, ice heat cramps least serious drink fluids heat exhaustion dold clammy skin, profuse sweating, nausea, dizziness cool area, fluids heat stroke most serious red hot dry skin, rapid weak pulse, dizzy, shallow brething, cool quickly, ice in groin and arm pits, air conditioning, transport STAT frostbite localized freezing of the tissues, warm slowly, tepid water, no rubbing hypothermia serious life threatening numbness, may no longer shiver, apathetic, glassy stare, decreased LOC, wrap in blankets, warm slowly hypoglycemia insulin shock comes on quickly 5 to 20 min hyperglycemia diabetic coma (ketoacidosis) comes on slowly 12 to 48 hours 3 classic signs of DM polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia S/S of hypoglycemia pale cold clammy skin, rapid pulse, aggressive or unusual behavior, sz or coma S/S or hyperglycemia 3 poly's, dry warm skin, fruity odor to breath, rapid weak pulse, vomiting how to tx hypoglycemia if pt can swallow and follow directions give oral glucose (juices or sugar) how to tx hyperglycemia they need insulin transport to hospital
A & P Chemistry of 