Free speech, press, religion, petition, and assembly are all protected by the .... First Amendment The right to vote is also known as ... Suffrage Granted the right to vote to African American males. 15th Amendment (1870) Granted the right to vote to women. 19th Amendment (1920) Granted the right to vote to 18 year olds. 26th Amendment (1971) Amendment that forced the states to apply the Bill of Rights to state actions and laws. The 14th Amendment (1868) Unfair treatment based on prejuce against a certain group. Discrimination The rights of full citizenship and equality under the law. Civil Rights The Supreme Court case that ruled segregated schools were unconstitutional. Brown vs. Board of Education Act of congress that bans discrimination in employment, voting, and public accomadations. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 An Act of congress that allows the federal government to intervine in voter registration discrimination. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 Federal programs that try to make-up for past discriminations in employment and education. Affirmative Action Programs The five DUTIES of American citizens. Obey laws, pay taxes, defend the nation, serve in court (jury), Attend School The five civic responsibilities of American citizens. Be informed, speak up and vote, respect other's rights, respect diversity, contribute to the common good A legislature made-up of two houses. A bicameral legislature The two houses of the United States Congress are ... The House of Representatives and the Senate States are represented in the House of Representatives by... Population Representation in the Senate is .... Equal representation (2 for each state) The population of each state is determined every ten years by .... The census There are _____ members in the House of Representatives. 435 There are ____ members in the United States Senate. 100 Senators are elected to terms lasting _____ years 6 House of Representative members are elected to terms lasting____ years 2 All members of congress serve on at least one ...... Standing committee Temporary committees made -up of members from both houses in order to hammer out a compromise bill that both houses can live with are called.... Conference Committee Members of the House of Representatives represent ..... A congressional district Redrawing congressional districts to favor one party over another is called .... Gerrymandering The person who directs the day to day operations of the House of Representatives and is third in succession to the Presidency is .... The Speaker of the House (Nancy Pelosi) The President of the Senate is... Dick Cheney (the Vice President) The leader who runs the day to day operations of the Senate is .... The President Pro Tempore The system in congress that determines who has power and influence. Seniority Powers of Congress that are spelled out in the constitution. (Article 1) Expressed powers Powers of Congress that are given by the "necessary and proper" clause in Art. 1 Section 8, Clause 18. Implied powers The qualification for Senator are ... 30 yrs. old, live IN the state you plan to represent, and be a US citizen for at least nine years before election The qualification for House of Representative members are .... At least 25 yrs. old, be a citizen of the state they plan to represent, be a US citizen at least 7 years before election When members of congress are working on addressing individual problems of their constituents, they are doing ... Casework Special projects that congressmen gain for their state or district because they bring jobs or federal funds into their state or district. Pork-barrel projects The main function of a legislature. Make laws A proposed law is referred to as a .... Bill Organizations like the NRA or the AARP who try to influence the work of congress. Special interest groups Bills can be written by anyone, but can only be introduced in congress by ... A congressman Bills can be introduced in either house except for tax bills. They must be introduced in .... The House of Representatives In order for a bill to pass in congress, they must be passed in both houses by a .... Simple majority vote Once a bill is passed by both houses of congress, the bill is then ..... Sent to the President for his signature If the President vetos the bill, congress can over-ride the veto with A 2/3rds majority in both houses The right to keep and bear arms is protected by ... the 2nd Amendment Under the 10th Amendment, the Bill of Rights reserves powers to state government called ... Reserve Powers The right to a speedy and public trial are protected by .... The 6th Amendment The 4th Amendment protects against .... No unreasonable search and seizure The group of people who listen to evidence and decide if someone will be charged with a crime or not is .... The Grand Jury The fifth amendment protection that says the state must follow the law while enforcing the law is called .... Due process of law. The fifth amendment protection against being charged with the same crime more than once is called ... Double Jeopardy The group of people who listen to the evidence in a trial and then decide innocense or guilt. The Petit Jury If the amount in dispute is more than $20, a jury trial is guaranteed by ... The 7th Amendment (a civil trial) The power to mint (make) money belongs to which level of government? The Federal Government (A delegated Power) The power to create educational systems, liscenses, and local roads and highways belongs to which level of government? State Government (a reserved power) The power to tax is held by which level of government? Federal AND State government (a concurrent power) No cruel and unusual punishment and no unreasonable bail, is a protection of .... The 8th Amendment The Supreme law of the land is ..... The US Constitution The constitutional principle that gives the power to govern to the people. Popular sovereignty The constitutional principle that says no person is above the law; not even those who govern. Rule of Law The constitutional principle that divides the powers to govern among three branches of government so that no branch becomes too powerful. Separation of powers Powers given to each branch in order to keep the other branches powers in check. Checks and balances The constitutional principle that diveds the powers to govern between national and state governments. Federalism The constitution creates the legislative, executive, and judicial branches in ... Articles 1,2,3 respectively In order for the constitution to be ratified a __?___ majority was required by article 7. 9/13ths The group of people who favored a stronger federal government and wanted the new constitution ratified were called .... The Federalists The group of people who feared a stronger federal government and did not want the new constitution to be ratified were called ... The Antifederalists America's first national government was called .... The Articles of Confederation The Articles of Confederation failed after only nine years because .... It was too weak to govern the new nation A law passed by the The Articles of Confederation government that; a. outlawed slavery in the territories, b. protected freedom of religion, c, provided a process for territories to become new states, and d. provided for public education in the territories was called .... The Northwest Ordance A form of government in which one or a few people govern is called .... A dictatorship A government in which the people govern themselves is called .... A democracy A government in which a monarch holds all power is called .... An absolute monarchy A government in which a monarch shares the powers to govern with the people is called ... A constitutional monarchy When there are not enough resources to produce everything a society needs. Scarcity The study of how we make decisions in a world where resources are limited. Economics The fundamental economic problem is .... Scarcity Requirements for survival such as food, water, shelter, clothing are referred to as .... Needs These make life easier and more enjoyable, but are not necessary for survival. Wants The three economic questions that every society must address are.... What to producs. How to produce, For whom to produce. The alternative one faces when they choose to purchase one thing over another is called .... Trade-off The cost of the next best use of your time or money is called? Opportunity cost Costs that remain the same no matter how much of a product is produced such as mortgage payments or property taxes. Fixed costs Costs that change with the number units of product that are produced like labor costs, raw materials, and energy. Variable costs The type of economic system in which supply, demand, and market forces determine the performance of the economy. Market Economy (AKA Capitalism) The type of economic system in which the government controls all economic decisions such as price and production. Command Economy A component of capitalism in which business are allowed to compete for profits with a minimum of government interference. Free Enterprise Review for the North Carolina Civics & Economics end of course exam.
Of Mice and Men 