Flashcards › EMT-I Chapter 9 Airway Part 1

External (Pulmonary ) Respiration Exchange of gases between lungs and blood cells in pulmonary capillaries Pneumothorax Accumulation of Air in Pleura Space of the Lung Respiration Exchange of gases between a living organism and it's environment Internal (Cellular ) Respiration Exchange of gases between blood cell and tissue Hering Breuer Reflux terminates Inhalation to prevent over expansion of the lungs Atmospheric Pressure Air outside the body and is higher than air pressure within the thorax Involuntary Control of Breathing originates in the brain stem specifically in the pons and medulla Stimulus to Breath Comes from the respiratory center located in the medulla Ventilation Movement of air into and out of the lungs Expiration Process of air moving out of the lungs Inspiration Process of air moving into the lungs Inspiratory Reserve Volume Amount of air you can inhale after a normal inhalation Residual Volume The air that remains after a maximal expirations which is 1,200mL in average adult male Expiratory Reserve The amount of air that you can exhale following a normal (relaxed) exhalation Functional Reserve Capacity After inspiration - the amount of air that can be forced from the lungs in a single forced exhalation Minute Volume amount of air moved in and out of the lung per minute Alveolar Air Amount of gas that reaches the alveoli with each breath Physiologic Dead Space dead Space result of a disease or obstruction ( COPD and asthma contribute to air trapping ) Anatomic Dead Space Consists of trachea and larger bronchi and is result of residual gas once the pressure inside the thoratic cavity equals atmospheric pressure Dead Space Portion of airway that does not contain air that can participate in respiration Tidal Volume Volume of air that is inhaled or exhaled during a single respiratory cycle Atelectasis Collapse of the Alveoli due to decrease of surfactant on alveoli Surfactant Proteinaceous substance that line the alveoli which decreases surface tension and helps keep alveoli expanded Inhalation The active muscular part of breathing that draws air into the airway of the lungs Alveoli Functional site for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide - Occurs by simple diffusion between alveoli and capillaries of pulmonary Circulatory System Bronchi are Lined With ? Mucous Cells and beta-2 receptors that dilate the bronchioles Function of Lower Airway Is to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide and extends from 4th cervicle vertabre to xiphoid process Visceral Pleura Thin slippery outter lining that covers the lungs Hilum Where all of the blood vessels and the mainstem bronchi enter each lung at Cricoid Cartilage A signet ring shaped structure that is the only upper airway that forms a complete ring Sellick Maneuver Compressions of the cricoid cartilage . it occludes the esophagus reducing gastric distention during ventilation Thyroid Cartilage first tracheal cartilage and is suspended from the hyoid bone by thyroid ligament Glottic Opening Narrowest part of the adult trachea Vallecula anatomic space or "Pocket" between base of tongue and epiglottis and is important landmark for ET intubation Turbinates 3 bony shelves that extend in nasal passageway. They serve to increase surface area improving filteration,warming, humidification of inhaled air Cilia Helps move contaminents out of the body Hypopharynx Lower portion of the pharynx that opens into the larynx anteriorly and esophagus posteriorly Pharynx First portion of the upper airway and is composed of nasopharynx and oropharynx Function of Upper airway Warm , filter , Humidify air brought into the body Agonal Respirations Slow shallow irregular respirations or occasional gasping breaths result from brain anoxia. May be seen when the heart stops but the brain continues to send signal to the muscles of respiration Centeral Neurogenic Hyperventilation Deep rapid respirations similar to Kussmaul also result from increased intracranial pressure Biot Respirations Irregular Pattern rate and volume with intermittent periods of apnea. Result from increased intracranial pressure Kussmaul Respirations Deep gasping respirations common in diabetic coma and ketoacidosis Cheyne-Stokes Respirations Gradually increasing rate and tidal volume followed by gradual decrease associated with brain stem insult Hypoxemia A deficiency of oxygen in the arterial blood Respiratory Rate The number of times a person breaths in one minute Hypoxic Drive Is the backup system that stimulates breathing when the arterial oxygen level falls Base Any molecule that can accept a hydrogen ion Acid Is any molecule that gives up a hydrogen ion Ketones The by-products of fat metabolism which are extremly acidotic Flashcards For Chapter 9 Airway for EMT-Intermediate Class