Chemistry the science that deals with the composition, structures and properties of matter and how matter changes under different conditions Organic Chemistry study of substances that contain carbon, and burn, all living things or things that were once alive, whether plants or animals, contain carbon Inorganic Chemistry substances that do not contain carbon, do not burn, substances that are not and never were alive Examples of organic substances gasoline,motor oil,plastics,synthetic frabrics,pesticides,fertalizers Examples of inorganic substances metals,minerals,water,air Matter matter is any substance that occupies space and has mass(weight), allmatter has physical and chemical properties, (all matter exists in solid,liquid,gas) Element simplest form of matter, it can not be broken down into a simpler substance without loosing its idenity How do we identify an element by a letter symbol, O for oxygen, C for carbon, H for hydrogen, N for nitrogen, S for sulfur Atoms particles from which all matter if composed, atoms can not be divided into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means Molecules made by combining atoms, a molecule is a chemical combination of 2 or more atoms Elemental molecule chemical combination of atoms of the same element, (oygen is an example) Compound molecule chemical combinations of 2 or more atoms that are different elements, ( water is an example) All matter exists in what forms solid, liquid, gas What substance can exist in all 3 states water, liquid-steam-ice- this is called a physical change because it is water in all forms Physical change when a substance stays the same chemically but changes physically What are the 3 different characteristics of matter solids- have definite shape and volume-(ice)-liquid-definite volume not shape(water)-gas-no definate shape or volume Physical properties determined without a chemical reaction-does not involve a chemical change (color,size,weight,hardness) Chemical properties can only be determined by a chemical reaction and chemical change in the substance-(ability of iron to rust, wood to burn) Physical change change in form only.-no change in properties(a file changes whe used on a nail) Chemical change a change in the chemical and physical properties of a substance that create a new substance-(polymeriztion of acrylic -hair color) Physical mixture combonation of matter in any proportion.-(salt water-combo of salt and water in any proportion is salt water) Physical mixtures solutions,suspensions,emulsions Solution stable mixture of 2 or more mixable substances Solute substance that disolves in a solution Slovent substance that disolves the solute to form a solution Miscible liquids that can be mixed into stable solutions,(water and alcohol) Immisible liquids not capable of being mixed into a stable solution(water and oil) Supension unstable mixture of an undissolved particles in a liquid.(they separate over time)-oil and vinager salad dessing Emulsion unstable mixture of 2 or more immisible substances united with the aid of an emulsifier(separate slowly over time) Surfactant acts as a bridge to allow an oil and water to mix or emulsify Surfactant molecule hydrophylic head water loving and a lipophylic tail oil loving Oil in Water emulsion --O/W the tail of the molecule is surounded by the water Water in Oil emulsion--W/O the head of the molecule is surounded by oil Glycerin sweet,colorless,oily substance used as a solvent in lotions and moisturizers Silicones special type of oil used in hair conditioners and water-resistant lubricants for the skin Potential Hydrogen PH Ion an atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge What products can have a PH only products that contain water Neutral PH 7 on the scale Nails/BIOLOGY & CHEMISTRY
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